Assignment - Unit 8: Understanding structure and funding in the TV and Film industries

Understanding structure and funding in the film industry

Structure

During the production of a Movie, they have to go through the 5 Production features. 1. Development 2. Pre-Production, 3. Production, 4. Post Production, 5. Distribution. At the development stage a producer of a film will go to a Movie company such as Warner Bro's, Disney or Universal and share the idea they have for a movie. However if they aren't well know in the film industry they might start and share there idea to a smaller company Film 4 Productions. Or if the producer want's to make another movie in a franchise or a sequel they will look at Cinema Ticket sales and DVD/Blu-ray sales to see if they first movie was successful enough to make a second or third movie.

The first stage is Development. This is where the planning for the Movie starts. The script for the movie will be wrote over a number of months. Then after that they will work out how much the movie will cost to create, and they will either use the money they have or have it funded, for example from the government. If the movie is a sequel then the distributor will look at the DVD, Blu-Ray and Cinema Ticket sales to see if the first movie did well enough so they don't waste money and it would be the same if it was a franchise they would look at the previous movies. If it isn't the producer would then present the movie ideas to a potential investor who would provide money for the movie to be shot. Then they would do market research and find out who the movie's target audience is. This will also decide what advertisements you will create for the movie, if it's a new kid's movie the advertisements might be toys, and on cereal box's or on food products like cheese-strings. If it's an adult movie you should probably create an intense movie trailer to be online or TV.

The next stage is Pre-Production where after the Film Distributor has given permission for the movie to be created, they will start to create storyboards to create visual images for the movie. The director will be planning the camera angles they will need to use for the movie. Production Designer will create sets, props and outfits for the movie. A location manager will find locations where scenes can be shot for the movie. A script writer will create a script for the Movie which is one of the most important roles because without a script they will be no movie, and a composer will create sound effects and music needed for the production of the movie.

The next stage is Production which is basically the filming of the Movie, where all people working on the movie will be at the scene. Actors will be there, Directors, Composer, Production Designer. Everyone involved will be at the scenes shot of the movie. Most movies require 18 Hour long filming daily until the Movie has been completely filmed.

The next stage is Post-Production where the role of the Video editor will start to edit the Movie, putting together clips, sounds, music and different camera angles to create a movie. Most Films have almost three days worth of footage, but after Post-Production usually only 2-3 Hours is used.

And the final stage is Distribution, so after the movie is completely edited. Distributors will then create promotion for the movie such as Trailers, Merchandise and advertisements. The Movie will then go into Cinema for months, and after the release of the film in the cinema the Distributor will then release the Movie on Disc or Online format such as DVD, Blu-Ray, Sky Story Rental, Netflix or Amazon Prime.

If the Movie has been created by a small independent company usually after the post production, which most of the time is done on a home computer. They will distribute it at Music Festivals to try grab the attention of other people and other Distributors.

Funding 

Funding for Movies sometimes can come from the government. If a company has impressed the government with an idea and they feel it would be successful they will fund the project so they can actually make the Movie to release. The big six Film companies are Universal, Disney, Warner Bro's, Sony, Paramount and 20th Century Fox, and those six companies all have enough money to create any film they want to. They get money from Ticket sales, when Movies are published in the Cinema. They can get money from DVD sales, so when the Movie is out of the Cinema you can purchase the DVD at a store and the company will get a fraction of the money spent. They can also make money off Websites/Apps such as Netflix and Amazon Prime as those companies will pay the Film company an amount of money to show there film on there Website/App. Also some Movies will go on online stores such as iTunes, Google Play, Amazon and sometimes YouTube for a small price to rent. You can also rent the Movies on Sky Movies, so when you purchase the movie the Film Company will get a small fraction of the price, just like when people pay for a Sky Movies Subscription. Sky will pay the Film Company to show there movie on there Channels. Also companies can also make money from producing Merchandise such as Toys, Clothing, Household items and even a Video Game based off the Film. For example "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" grossed $2 Billion Worldwide, and that is made from Cinema ticket sales which alone made $934,898,148. Then the rest is made up with DVD/Blu-Ray Sales, Pay-Per-View on platforms such as Sky Store, and then Merchandise. Such as Toys, Video Games and Clothing.

For TV Show's they will make there money from getting there show's shown on TV Channels. The TV Channel's will pay the Company to show there TV Show weekly, daily or monthly. For example ITV will pay the Distributor "Fremantle Media" and the production companies "Syco Entertainment, Thames and Talkback Thames" will also receive money for their TV Show being shown on TV. For TV Show's shown on BBC Channel's such as Eastenders. BBC make there money off TV License money, so when people pay for there TV License BBC get all the money, and that's how they will pay for TV Show's such as Eastenders and Strictly Come Dancing to have there TV Show shown on BBC.